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Management - Balanced Scorecard
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Conceptual Foundations of the Balanced Scorecard |
Working Paper by Robert S. Kaplan. David Norton and I
introduced the Balanced Scorecard in a 1992 Harvard
Business Review article (Kaplan & Norton, 1992). The
article was based on a multi-company research project to
study performance measurement in companies whose
intangible assets played a central role in value
creation (Nolan Norton Institute, 1991). Norton and I
believed that if companies were to improve the
management of their intangible assets, they had to
integrate the measurement of intangible assets into
their management systems. After publication of the 1992
HBR article, several companies quickly adopted the
Balanced Scorecard giving us deeper and broader in
sights into its power and potential. During the next 15
years, as it was adopted by thousands of private,
public, and nonprofit enterprises around the world, we
extended and broadened the concept into a management
tool for describing, communicating and implementing
strategy. This paper describes the roots and motivation
for the original Balanced Scorecard article as well as
the subsequent innovations that connected it to a larger
management literature. pdf 2010 |
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