In this paper, we investigate the use of horizontal
distribution alliances (HDAs) in the international
airline industry. Airlines enter these alliances to
effectively meet the needs of passengers in new and
expanding markets. We apply transaction cost analysis (TCA)
to develop a conceptual framework explaining the use of
HDAs. From analyzing primary and secondary data, our
results indicate that TCA is a viable theory for
predicting the formation and success of an HDA. pdf.
2004
