This document is intended to be a reference manual for the calculation of commonly used valuation multiples. We explain how multiples are calculated and discuss the different variations that can be employed. We discuss the differences between equity and enterprise multiples, show how target or ‘fair’ multiples can be derived from underlying value drivers, and discuss the ways multiples can be used in valuation. For each multiple, we show its calculation and derivation from underlying DCF fundamentals, discuss its strengths and weaknesses, and suggest appropriate use. pdf